Ormrod’s core motivation picture is simple and useful. Children engage when they believe they can succeed, which is self-efficacy and when they believe the task is worth doing, they value it. If either is missing, motivation problems show up as stalling, bargaining, or boredom.
Value isn’t a lecture about college. It’s usefulness, interest, or belonging, this helps me do something I care about, this is interesting, or the people I love care about this with me. Stickers can jump-start a behavior. They rarely build lasting value. Over time, controlling rewards can even crowd out the feeling that the work is theirs. There is a big, big difference between building extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation leads deep problems in the future if it continues through the older years. Think….if you pass that calculus class I will buy you a car.
Interest is fuel. Ormrod and related motivation research treat interest as something adults can spark and protect their choice, novelty, real-world connection, the child’s own questions. That’s why a thematic unit on farms lands and a random worksheet doesn’t, one is hooked to a world they can touch.